A Feasibility Study of Building Structural Deformation Monitoring using Global Positioning (GPS) - Essay Example To achieve their objectives through this study, the authors monitored structural deformations in one high-rise building, viz. the Twin Tower of Science and Technology Complex, and one low-rise building, viz. the Innovation Centre Building, both of which belonged to the University Technology MARA (UiTM), in Selangor, Malaysia. The authors chose high accuracy GPS (±1 mm) and total station (± 1 mm, 1â€) to apply in deformation monitoring of the buildings, to improve accuracy of the survey. During the course of the study, authors identified appropriate points on the building structure, and suitable control points around the building to begin the structural monitoring process. They then carried out GPS surveys using the rapid static technique, geotechnical surveys through crack-width measurements using the digital movement gauge, and terrestrial surveys using the intersection technique on the building structures for four epochs. In this study, the authors demonstrated that while crack width measurements using the digital movement gauge were helpful in identifying deformations occurring in one dimension (1 D), the intersection technique of terrestrial surveying is advantageous for monitoring the deformations that occur in two dimensions (2 D). However, the GPS survey was of no utility for monitoring the building deformations, as it did not provide consistent results. According to the authors, the inconsistency of results of the GPS survey was due to obstruction of the antenna that was to receive the satellite signal, by the surrounding building structures. The strength of this study lies in the fact that accuracy in survey methodology and results was maintained. The authors successfully demonstrated the use of various survey techniques in monitoring building structure deformation through appropriate and reliable data and measurements. The information on the efficiency of the various techniques in monitoring building structure deformation occurring in 1D and 2D will prove to be useful in choosing the appropriate technique based on individual building survey requirements. The weakness of this study, however, is that it suffers from lack of appropriate data analysis, as the objective, i.e. assessment of the advantages and disadvantages of the discussed techniques was not sufficiently met. Importance of the study: This article is significant as the authors assess the most prominent survey techniques and distinguish them based on their utility in deformation monitoring. The study will enable making a better a choice while choosing which type of survey technique is to be used when deformations occurring in 1D or 2D are to be monitored. This study also indicates that using GPS for monitoring deformations is futile in areas where surrounding high-rise buildings and obstructions exist, such as in cities. This paper provides concise methodology and distinct deformation monitoring techniques that will be helpful in carrying out deformation measurements for my project study. 2. Deformation Monitoring by GPS at Embankment Dams and Deformation Analysis Summary: The main objective of this study was to assess deformation at the crest of the Altinkaya dam, caused by a combined effect of the weight of the dam and the water load occurring at different water levels. A secondary objective was to investigate if GPS surveying technique and its measurements are accurate enough to be used for examining deformations
0 Comments
Ernest Hemingway's "Hills Like White Elephants"      Ernest Hemingway's short story 'Hills Like White Elephants' is a story about a couple who are having some trouble in their relationship. The main characters in the story are an American man and a girl. The whole story is mostly a dialogue between the couple. They are trying to have a fine time, but there is a tension between them and some kind of operation needs to be done. The operation can easily be done and if it's going to happen it will be done on the girl. In the story it's not being said what the operation is. The second time I read it I understand that they are talking about an abortion. The man wants the girl to do the abortion while the girl is not sure.      The setting of the story is well described; the couple is waiting at a little train station between Barcelona and Madrid. The couple is sitting outside a bar 'at a table in the shade'. (171) They are having a cold drink. It?s warm outside and the view is beautiful, in the distance they see white hills.          The story doesn?t give very much information about the characters. The American man and the girl, whose name is Jig, are a couple, but they are not married. The man are probably a bit older than the girl, he is mention as an American man while Jig is just mention as the girl, the story doesn?t say what her nationality is. But she can?t be Spanish because she doesn?t speak Spanish. They are traveling around because they have bags with ?label... Ernest Hemingway's Hills Like White Elephants Essay -- Ernest Hemingwa Ernest Hemingway's "Hills Like White Elephants"      Ernest Hemingway's short story 'Hills Like White Elephants' is a story about a couple who are having some trouble in their relationship. The main characters in the story are an American man and a girl. The whole story is mostly a dialogue between the couple. They are trying to have a fine time, but there is a tension between them and some kind of operation needs to be done. The operation can easily be done and if it's going to happen it will be done on the girl. In the story it's not being said what the operation is. The second time I read it I understand that they are talking about an abortion. The man wants the girl to do the abortion while the girl is not sure.      The setting of the story is well described; the couple is waiting at a little train station between Barcelona and Madrid. The couple is sitting outside a bar 'at a table in the shade'. (171) They are having a cold drink. It?s warm outside and the view is beautiful, in the distance they see white hills.          The story doesn?t give very much information about the characters. The American man and the girl, whose name is Jig, are a couple, but they are not married. The man are probably a bit older than the girl, he is mention as an American man while Jig is just mention as the girl, the story doesn?t say what her nationality is. But she can?t be Spanish because she doesn?t speak Spanish. They are traveling around because they have bags with ?label...
|